Friday, April 24, 2020

Covid-19: Samy Tompon'Andraikitra Amin'izay Ataony

inona no tena zava-misy
Ny tenako dia efa nanolo-tena ny hilatsaka ho filoham-pirenena, tsy lany ary zero vigule ny vato azoko. Tsy manakana ahy andray ny andraikitro anefa izany satria latsapaka ato amiko ny hitondra ny soa ho an'ny Malagasy mpiray tanindrazana amiko.
Lavitra ahy ny anamaivana na anaratsy ny fikarohana vahaolana entina hiarovana, hanasitranana mihitsy aza an'ity valanaretina Coronavirus ity. Mamporisika hatrany anohy sy hanatsara izay efa hita, indrindra fa isika Malagasy manana ny akora rehetra mety ahomby amin'izany.
Inona anefa no zava-misy?
Ny famoahana fanafody eto amintsika dia mandalo an-tanantohatra maro.
Nivory ireo Akademisianina ara-pahasalamana (Académie de médecine) izay misy ireo dokotera mpitsabo, ny farmasianina, sy ireo mpahay momba ny fahasalamana.
Nantsoina tao ireo profesora 3 nametrahana ny andraikitra hitady ny fanafody momba ity Covid-19 ity.
Nanazava ireto prefesora ireto fa mbola tsy nanomboka ny fikarohana nataon'izy ireo, satria tsy neken'ny Comité d'éthique ny étude 3 naroso, tsy azo raisina na recevable akory satria mbola misy fombafomba sy fepetra na méthodologie arahina...
Nanontany ny Akademia hoe avy aiza ny nanaovana ny Covid-Organics raha toa mbola tsy nanomboka akory ny fikarohana, dia Protocole avy any amin'ny Maison de l'Artemisia io raha ny fanazavana naroso.
Tetsy ankilany dia nandefa mail tany amin'ny Maison de l'Artemisia ny tenako. Ataoko eto ambany ny resaka nifanaovana:
-------------------------
"Echange de mail avec Maison Artemisia
Bonjour,
Nous sommes un site d'information en ligne,
Nous avons vu votre communication avec le Président de
la République de Madagascar, est-ce que vous pouvez donner plus de
détails sur le contrat avec Madagascar. Qui a fourni les tisanes
Covid-Organics distribuées à la population malagasy actuellement, ou
du moins qui a fourni les bases du boisson.
Merci.
----------------------
Réponse
Bonsoir ,
Il n’y a aucun contrat entre nous et le Pdt malgache.
Nous avons fourni la même information à tous les gouvernements africains.
La plante est extrêmement connue, l’Artemisia annua est d’origine chinoise mais pousse aujourd’hui sur tous les continents vu ses vertus thérapeutiques.
Elle est non toxique et sans effets secondaires.
Votre pays a des milliers de producteurs d’Artemisia annua .
En résumé contre le Covid :
85% des chinois malades du Covid19 ont pris un cocktail de plante adapté à leur état clinique .
L’Artemisia annua a été donnée pour les cas modérés avec atteintes pulmonaires comme pendant l’épidémie de SARS pour écrêter la courbe du nombre de cas aigus .
La posologie est de 10g/litre par jour en décoction de 2 min jusqu’à fin des symptômes pulmonaires.
L’Artemisia annua possède 4 molécules actives contre le virus in vitro : lutéoline, kaempferol, quercétine et apigénine .
elle possède du Zinc qui booste le système immunitaire et des flavonoides qui modère la tempête cytoquinique.
Vous avez en PJ les documents de revues bibliographiques.
Nous restons à votre disposition pour plus de renseignements.
Très cordialement
Lucile Cornet-Vernet
Vice-présidente et fondatrice de la Maison de l’Artemisia"
------------------------------
Raha fintinina ny resak'ilay olona nandefa taratasy tamin'ny Filoham-pirenena nolazainy tamin'ny fahitalavitra iny fa i Madagasikara no hitondra ny fanafody ho an'ity aretina Covid-19 ity, dia nandefa mail izy hoe, tsy misy fifanarahana nataon'i Maison de l'Artemisia amin'ny fanjakana Malagasy fa taratasy mitovy no nalefany tamin'ny mpitondra maro aty Afrika.
Nilaza izy amin'io mail nalefany io fa ny Artemisia dia tsy misy pozina mahafaty, ary tsy misy fiatraikany ratsy na effet secondaire amin'ny vatan'olombelona.
Nanamafy izy fa 80% ny Sinoa nararin'ny Covid-19 tany Chine dia nihinana karazana zava-maniry samihafa arakaraky ny toe-batany avy.
Ny Artemisia annua kosa dia nomena ireo manana soritr'aretina maivamaivana izay nahakasika ny tratra sy ny fitaova-pisefoana, mitovy tamin'ny aretina SARS tany Chine, mba hifehezana ny fiakatry ny isan'ireo mety ho voa.
Nanazava izy fa mitondra hery fiarovana sy singa maromaro hampiakatra ny fiarovan-tenan'ny vatana ity Artemisia annua ity.
Ny 20 aprily 2020 dia nanao fanambaràna ny tao amin'ny Akademia:
"Amin'ny fikasana ny hizarana fanafody tambavy, dia manao izao fanambarana izao:
Io fanafody io dia tsy voafaritra mazava ny porofo siantifika nefa homena olona, indrindra fa ny zaza. Lahitokana ny aina ka adiditsika ny mitandro ny fahasalaman'ireo zanatsika.
Ankoatry izay, araka ny lalàna manankery dia ny Mpiasan'ny fahasalamana ary ny tobi-pahasalamana ihany no mizara fanafody".
Taorian'io fanambaràna io dia totoafo ireo tsindry, fa tsy niova tamin'ny heviny ny Akademian'ny fahasalamana.
Nampiantso ny Filoham-pirenena dia nisy solotena 3 nandeha tany.
Hatairana ny an'ny mpikambana maro ao amin'ny Akademia izay mbola tokony hivory androany 24 aprily, dia fanambarana an-gazety no hita nialoha lalana, amin'izay indray fanambarana amin'ny teny frantsay ranofotsiny, fa tsy toa ilay fanambaràna voalohany sady nisy tamin'ny teny malagasy no nisy teny frantsay.:
"Tsy fanafody ny Covid Organics fa tambavy nohatsaraina ary tsy misakana ny fampiasana azy amin’ny endriny tambavy ny Akademia, hoy ny fanambarana ary safidin’ny tsiraray ny handray azy manaja ny fatra voalaza, indrindra ho an’ny ankizy.
Ny Akademia kosa dia mamporisika ny ametrahana rafitra fanaraha-maso ireo izay nisotro ity Covid Organics ity".
Hita ihany koa fa samihafa ny fomba nanaovana frappe ilay taratasy, ary hita fa ny cachet dia voatsindry ambanin'ny soratra sy ny sonia. Ny anaran'ny mpanao sonia dia nalavaina Professeur ilay Pr izay efa nahazatra.
Etsy ankilany dia re koa fa mangataka hiaona amin'ny Institut Pasteur ny Ambassade de France satria tokony hiditra hianatra ny 4 mey izao ny sekoly fratsay, nefa tsy mazava aminy ny tena zava-misy.
Re ihany koa fa tsy faly ny OMS satria raha ny vola nomeny dia misy lamina maty paika amin'ny ady amin'ny Coronavirus, anisan'izany ny fihibohana sy fampitomboana ireo fitiliana, nefa eto amintsika dia nihena ny isan'ny fitiliana raha tokony ho amaroana, ary niroso aza amin'ny fiverenana tsikelikely amin'ny fiainana an-davan'andro.
Mbola tsy fantatra na nampiasaina tamin'ny fanamboarana ny Covid-Organics ny volan'ny OMS, fa raha ny fanambaràn'ny Filoham-pirenena tamin'ny fanombohana ny famoahana ny Covid-Organics dia volam-panjakana malagasy no hiantoka an'io.
Ny amaranako ny resaka, mamporisika hatrany ny fanjakana sy ny mpikaroka Malagasy hitady sy hampiray feo amin'ny fikarohana fanafody tena vita malagasy. Nefa kosa ataovy am-pahamarinana, mangarahara, tsy misy tsindry na hosoka sanatria.
Mangataka ny IMRA, izay tompon'antoka amin'ity Covid-Organics ity hamoaka ny marina rehetra, ianareo no tazonin'ny vahoaka malagasy ho tompon'andraikitra voalohany, fa tsy ny Bionexx, na Dzama, na Taf izay misahana ny famatsiana ny akora, fanaovana anaty tavoahangy ary fanaovana azy anaty sachet.
Tsy mbola asiana resaka aloha hatreto hoe ohatrinona ary ahoana no nahazoan'ireo ny tolotrasa, satria tsy midika fa mahazo manao izay tiana atao ny fitondrana amin'ny fitantanambolam-panjakana na dia misy aza ny fahamehana ara-pahasalamamana.
Ianareo OMS sy Institut Pasteur de Madagascar ary ny CCO kosa dia mila fanazavana matotra avy aminareo ny vahoaka malagasy.
Mila fanazava avy amin'ny minisitry ny fahasalama, ny Praiminisitra ary ny Filoham-pirenena mba ampitony ny ahiahy tsy hiavanana rehetra momba izao toe-javatra izay.
Ary mangataka ny mpikambana rehetra miaraka ao amin'ny Académie de médecine hamory ny mpanao gazety anazava sy anome ny tena marina amin'ny vahoaka Malagasy, ianareo no mpitsabo, ianareo no atokisana, ka aoka tsy ho very tanteraka amin'ny fisalasalana momba anareo ny Firenena.
Patrick Raharimanana

Patrick Raharimanana

Covid-19: Samy Tompon'Andraikitra Amin'izay Ataony

posted by Zo Heri at 10:22 AM 0 comments

Thursday, April 23, 2020

Coronavirus: the miracle remedy touted by Madagascar’s Rajoelina

Could traditional African medicine “change the course of history” in the combat against COVID-19? Madagascar President Andry Rajoelina believes so, and he is also convinced that the island country has a special role to play in stemming the pandemic.
On the evening of 8 April, the head of state made a surprising revelation to his fellow citizens on national television: “I received a letter on 24 March indicating that Madagascar possesses a remedy that could – and I say could because it has not yet been proven – cure the coronavirus.”
While staying mum about the name of the miracle remedy derived, he said, from a “medicinal plant”, Rajoelina added that Madagascar could potentially “change the course of history” thanks to this discovery.

Confidential

What plant was the president referring to? And what evidence does he have to back up his statements? Initially, his staff seemed caught off guard.
“We’ll find someone who can answer your questions, but please call back later,” an official source from Madagascar’s Ministry of Health said, while one of the president’s advisers dodged our queries, saying that “further clarification is forthcoming, I’ll keep you posted.”
At the Malagasy Institute of Applied Research (IMRA), which specialises in the study of medicinal plants, our contact gave no more information: “We’re working on a potential remedy, but it’s confidential.
Four days later, the president’s remarks made a comeback on social media.
On Easter Sunday, Rajoelina reiterated his conviction about the discovery of an antidote to COVID-19 in two back-to-back tweets: “On this Easter Sunday, #Madagascar would like to send a message of hope to the world with the help of our biodiversity, 80% of which are endemic species. To tackle #COVID-19, we will be able to propose an enhanced traditional remedy made up of Malagasy medicinal plants which have already been proven effective.”
This time around, he described the antidote as involving more than one plant.
“As we await the clinical trial results, we are confident that we will be able to change the course of history in this global war being waged against the pandemic. We are also going to conduct laboratory testing during which the drug will be administered to patients in different formats,” he added in another tweet later that same day.
Although the president continues to pursue his conviction and has given his approval of further study, the plants involved remain a complete mystery. In Madagascar, none of the individuals able to specify which plants are likely to cure COVID-19, as the head of state alluded, are willing to talk.

Small clue to shed light on this mystery

The only clue capable of shedding light on this mystery is a letter written in French and from which Rajoelina quoted a short excerpt during his televised speech. Jeune Afrique was able to get its hands on a copy.
Dated 24 March, the letter was sent by Lucile Cornet-Vernet, founder and vice president of La Maison de l’Artemisia.
Based in Paris, this humanitarian organisation with a presence in 23 African countries, including Madagascar, promotes artemisia annua and artemisia afra; two medicinal plants with antimalarial properties, “to the most vulnerable populations in the Southern Hemisphere.”
According to La Maison de l’Artemisia, “both plants have been used in traditional medicine for centuries in China and East Africa.”
While not endemic plants, these two varieties of artemisia (also known as sweet wormwood) are nevertheless widely grown in Madagascar. What’s more, the French organisation believes that they have a promising potential to treat COVID-19.
“We’ve written to the health ministries of just about every government in Africa,” said Ms Cornet-Vernet, founder and vice president of La Maison de l’Artemisia. “The documentation we sent them included, in particular, a review of scientific research and proposed clinical trial protocols.”
She added: “There is a lot of conjecture that artemisia is useful in the treatment arsenal for the virus, but that doesn’t mean I’m saying that this plant cures COVID-19.”
Cornet-Vernet told Jeune Afrique that she sent these documents along with an introduction letter to Madagascar’s Health Minister Ahmad Ahmad on 24 March. In the letter, she immediately called attention to the fact that China used artemisia to combat COVID-19.
“African countries would be well advised to also embrace this treatment by carrying out clinical trials as soon as possible,” she wrote.
Also contained in the letter is the passage President Rajoelina read out loud live in French in front of the cameras on 8 April, in which he spoke of the need to “[put] in place local, innovative and effective strategies to protect [the] populations. Artemisia annua may be a valuable alternative treatment for COVID-19, both in preventive and curative approaches.”
However, the head of state did not explicitly mention “artemisia annua” in his speech.

A low-cost treatment

Writing to the Health Minister Ahmad, the vice president of the Paris organisation added: “Your decision has the power to change the course of history.”
Rajoelina would later reuse this very same expression on television and Twitter.
According to Cornet-Vernet, around 10 African countries have already agreed in principle to perform clinical trials focused on artemisia, including Benin, Central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar and Rwanda.
For its advocates, the infusion derived from this plant has potential as a low-cost treatment for COVID-19, after having proven its efficacy against malaria.
“Unlike other pharmaceutical drugs, the plant doesn’t require a full-fledged production chain and it also allows us to avoid issues like drug counterfeiting,” said Jean-Luc Galabert, one of the founders of the Rwandan research firm Inter-Culturel, which is working hand-in-hand with La Maison de l’Artemisia.
Ten days after Rajoelina’s televised address, people from the president’s inner circle finally began to talk.
“I can confirm that the remedy is primarily made up of artemisia and ravensara”, one of the president’s advisers said, admitting that the text read by the president on television came from La Maison de l’Artemisia.
According to the same source, researchers at IMRA have been working for over a month on the remedy, in cooperation with foreign researchers.
“Madagascar has the world’s largest supply of artemisia,” one of our contacts said, before adding that a special programme will be broadcast on a Malagasy national channel on the evening of Sunday, 19 April, during which “the president will announce the timeline and discuss the clinical trials.”
A Brazilian prophet
This explanation was very welcome once an 18-minute-long documentary broadcast on 16 April by the Madagascar National Television (TVM) network – and advertised on Rajoelina’s Facebook page – complicated the president’s message.
The documentary also aired on Viva, Rajoelina’s television channel. Based on an interview with two pilots who work Sky Services, a private airline company, it tells the story of a Brazilian prophet’s esoteric journey in Madagascar in November. During her trip, Joana Andréa de Araujo flew over the island in a plane following a cross-like path, from north to south and east to west, before formulating the following prophecy: the world will soon experience a terrible pandemic. But Madagascar will hold the cure.
“The airing of this documentary a few days after the president’s announcement about a potential plant-based drug looks an awful lot like pure storytelling,” said a Malagasy media expert.
But for a population deeply steeped in mysticism, could such storytelling – blending traditional medicine and divination – build support for the drug?
“This documentary is revealing of the fact that, here in Madagascar, various political leaders don’t hesitate to borrow from the prophetic playbook, thinking that their voters embrace this kind of storytelling,” commented Toavina Ralambomahay, a political scientist and opposition party representative serving on the Antananarivo city council.
Ahead of the November 2018 presidential election, Pastor André Mailhol, head of the Apocalyptic Church and presidential candidate, insisted that he would be elected president, in accordance with a prophecy. In the end, he finished fourth in the first round, obtaining 1.27% of the vote.

Studies are just getting underway

Madagascar already has the capacity to grow and produce artemisia. An executive from one of the sector’s leading companies, Bionexx, said that each year it produces 25 tonnes of artemisinin, the plant’s medicinal active ingredient, i.e., a share of around 10% of the global market.
But what are the potential benefits of this plant, typically consumed as an infusion, when it comes to treating COVID-19?
Scientific studies are just getting underway. The renowned Max Planck Institute in Germany, which has received 18 Nobel prizes since 1948 and publishes 15,000 papers each year, launched an in vitro trial on 8 April, in collaboration with the US company ArtemiLife and Danish researchers.
In a press release, the research institute explained that studies have shown artemisia annua to be somewhat effective against a virus similar to the novel coronavirus.
“Given the similarities between those two viruses, plant extracts and artemisinin derivatives need to be tested against the new coronavirus,” said Professor Peter Seeberger, Director at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces.
According to Catherine Hill, an epidemiologist and former department head at the Institut Gustave Roussy in Villejuif, France: “The fact that artemisia has effects on viruses similar to the novel coronavirus makes a strong case for initiating studies. However, in vitro data is needed before data can be obtained using actual patients, otherwise, we obviously have no proof that artemisia is effective against the coronavirus.”
Currently, a number of other substances are already being studied, such as hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin, Kaletra (used to treat HIV/AIDS) and remdesivir.
What about ravensara?
“It’s [ravensara] one of the most powerful antiviral plants grown in Madagascar,” said Jean-Claude Ratsimivony, CEO of JCR group, which manufactures an antiviral ointment under the name Fosa.
IMRA also markets a similar product, ATA, which has been selling extremely well during the pandemic.
“Whatever the plant, we need more precise data before we can say that it’s effective against COVID-19,” said Olivier Rakotoson, president of Madagascar’s essential oil exporters union.
He added: “And even if the results are good, we still have to determine if the virus has been killed because the substance has boosted the immune system’s defences or if it acts directly on the virus.”
Used in a curative or preventive capacity, ravensara has in any case been a huge commercial success. “Over the past few weeks, in Madagascar and abroad, its price has tripled or quadrupled,” Rakotoson said.
He continued: “Ten years ago, the price of ravensara also skyrocketed during the H1N1 virus epidemic.”

“Madagascar has been chosen by God”

As of 11 April, the country had reported 82 cases of COVID-19, along with 39 recovered patients and no deaths at that point in time. On 12 April, Rajoelina demystified the speculation surrounding a potential remedy derived from plants grown on the island.
In his previous address, he showed unshakable confidence in his country’s ability to help combat the novel coronavirus: “Of course, unlike many other countries, Madagascar doesn’t have nuclear or chemical weapons. But as my intuition has told me, Madagascar will shine. I have faith in that.”
At 8:45 p.m. that Sunday, Rajoelina came on television.
“Madagascar has been chosen by God,” he said at the beginning of his speech, referring to the fact that nobody in the country had died from COVID-19.
Then, he revealed a “preventive and curative” artemisia-based remedy called Covid-Organics, saying that tests were conclusive.
IMRA developed the product, which debuted on Monday, 20 April.
However, the president did not utter a word about La Maison de l’Artemisia, the organisation behind the letter sent to the president on 24 March.
The latest news is that Rajoelina announced an easing of the country’s lockdown measures: people will be free to go about as they please from 6 a.m. to 1 p.m. and some secondary school students will be back in class as of 22 April, provided that they drink Covid-Organics as a preventive measure.
On social media, a heated debate has already erupted between those who trust the product… and everyone else.

Madagascar’s president surprised many observers when he announced that certain traditional plants grown on the large island country have the potential to cure Covid-19. Was his mention of this African remedy based on the healing properties of traditional medicine premature given that it is still being studied?


Madagascar's President Andry Rajoelina caputured during the launch of the Covid-Organics on April 20, 2020 Twitter @SE_Rajoelina

By Emre Sari, in Antananarivo

Coronavirus: the miracle remedy touted by Madagascar’s Rajoelina

posted by Zo Heri at 2:25 PM 0 comments

Sunday, April 12, 2020

Gobernadora extiende toque de queda por el coronavirus: Hasta el 3 de mayo de 2020

 A un día de terminar el toque de queda, la gobernadora Wanda Vázquez Garced extendió el decreto hasta el 3 de mayo, en busca de frenar la propagación del coronavirus (Covid-19) en la Isla.
La nueva Orden Ejecutiva entrará en vigor el lunes, 13 de abril. 
"Esta orden establece como las anteriores que los ciudadanos deben permanecer en el lugar de residencia las 24 horas del día, los siete días de la semana", estableció la gobernadora, con excepción a las salidas para cubrir las necesidades básicas.
Entre los nuevos cambios se encuentra la operación de supermercados de lunes a sábado hasta las 8:00 de la noche. De igual forma, los supermercados que cuenten con servicio de entrega, podrán realizar la misma hasta las 10:00 de la noche "con el fin de incentivar la utilización por parte de los ciudadanos".                                          
Además, las restricciones de las tablillas ya no estará en vigor y se podrá transitar entre las 5:00 a.m. y 9:00 p.m.
De otra parte, se flexibilizó las operaciones para el sector automotriz y las ferreterías. La gomeras y talleres de mecánica podrán operar los miércoles y jueves de 10:00 a.m. a 5:00 p.m. Mientras, que las ferreterías podrán únicamente entregar pedidos, los viernes y sábados de 9:00 a.m. a 5:00 p.m. 
“Es el resultado entre los esfuerzos del Task Force médico y el Task Force económico”, indicó la gobernadora.
Otras excepciones son: permitir la realización de la nómina a hasta un máximo de cinco empleados por patrono, el 14 de marzo de 5:00 a.m. a 2:00 p.m. y permitir a empleados a buscar materiales en sus lugares de empleo el 16 de abril de 5:00 a.m. a 2:00 p.m. 
Se quedará igual, el cierre de supermercados los domingos. Solo podrá abrir para labores de limpieza e inventario. En el caso de las farmacias, solo podrá operar el área del recetario y las gasolineras solo podrán expedir gasolina.
Según la mandataria, depende del resultado de esta nueva flexibilización, y del compromiso de los ciudadanos en acatar las medidas, que se pueda continuar abriendo otros sectores de la economía. 
El toque de queda inició el pasado 15 de marzo, dos días después de haberse confirmado los primeros tres casos de coronavirus en la Isla. A casi un mes, el Departamento de Salud ha reportado 788 casos del virus y 42 muertes.
Todavía se espera por los resultados de 1,332 pruebas, del total de 6,377 realizadas hasta la fecha.

La primera ronda del toque de queda se impuso de 9:00 p.m. a 5:00 a.m. hasta el 30 de marzo. El pasado 1 de abril, entró en vigor la extensión del decreto, pero de 7:00 p.m. a 5:00 a.m. y hasta el 12 de abril.
El secretario de Salud, Lorenzo González Feliciano, y el Task Force Médico mantienen que el pico de casos de coronavirus en la Isla podría ocurrir el 8 de mayo, por lo que insisten en la importancia del distanciamiento social y permanecer en los hogares para evitar más contagios.
Al momento, se desconoce cuántos de los casos están hospitalizados o en unidades de intensivo. Tampoco se conoce cuántos se han recuperado, a pesar de que Salud prometió que la información estaría disponible en el portal que hizo público la agencia el jueves.

Coronavirus Puerto Rico


Gobernadora extiende toque de queda por el coronavirus

posted by Zo Heri at 4:32 AM 0 comments

Sunday, April 05, 2020

Madagascar: la Haute Couture s'implique dans la Fabrication de Masques

Face à cette situation, une usine spécialisée dans la broderie et la confection pour les maisons de haute couture européennes a décidé, dès le début de l’épidémie, de suspendre une partie de sa production pour fabriquer en grand nombre les précieux masques, et les distribuer – gratuitement– à la population. Quand l’industrie du luxe se met au service des plus démunis, c’est un reportage de l’une de nos correspondantes à Antananarivo.

À Madagascar, l’arrivée des premiers cas de Covid-19 sur l’île  -comme dans beaucoup d’endroits sur la planète- a révélé l’impréparation et le manque de moyens du pays face à la pandémie. En une journée, les stocks de masques ont été raflés, et la suspension des échanges commerciaux avec les fournisseurs – principalement chinois – ont réduit les chances de pouvoir réapprovisionner rapidement le pays en protections de base.

Par :Sarah Tétaud

Dans cette usine spécialisée dans la confection de vêtements pour les maisons de haute-couture internationales, une partie des commandes ont été mises en attente pour libérer des chaînes de production pour la fabrication de masques de protection.

Madagascar: la Haute Couture s'implique dans la Fabrication de Masques

posted by Zo Heri at 7:47 PM 0 comments